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Thomas Alva Edison, (born February 11, 1847, Milan, Ohio,
U.S.—died October 18, 1931, West Orange, New Jersey), American inventor who,
singly or jointly, held a world record 1,093 patents. In addition, he created the
world’s first industrial research laboratory.
Edison was the quintessential American inventor in the era
of Yankee ingenuity. He began his career in 1863, in the
adolescence of the telegraph industry, when virtually the
only source of electricity was primitive batteries putting out a low-voltage
current. Before he died, in 1931, he had played a critical role in introducing
the modern age of electricity. From his laboratories and workshops emanated the
phonograph, the carbon-button transmitter for the telephone speaker and
microphone, the incandescent lamp, a revolutionary generator of unprecedented
efficiency, the first commercial
electric light and power system, an experimental electric
railroad, and key elements of motion-picture apparatus, as well as a host of
other inventions.Edison was the seventh and last child—the fourth
surviving—of Samuel Edison, Jr., and Nancy Elliot Edison. At an early age he
developed hearing problems, which have been variously attributed but were most
likely due to a familial tendency to mastoiditis. Whatever the cause, Edison’s
deafness strongly influenced his behaviour and career, providing the motivation
for many of his inventions.
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