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Swami Vivekananda (12 January 1863–4 July 1902), born
Narendra Nath Datta, was an Indian Hindu monk. He was a key figure in the
introduction of Indian philosophies of Vedanta and Yoga to the western world
and was credited with raising interfaith awareness, bringing Hinduism to the
status of a major world religion in the late 19th
century. He was a major force in the revival of Hinduism in
India and contributed to the notion of nationalism in colonial India. He was
the chief disciple of the 19th century saint Ramakrishna and the founder of the
Ramakrishna Math and the Ramakrishna Mission. He is perhaps
best known for his inspiring speech beginning with "Sisters and Brothers
of America," through which he introduced Hinduism at the Parliament of the
World's
Religions in Chicago in 1893.
Born into an aristocratic Bengali family of Calcutta,
Vivekananda showed an inclination towards spirituality. He was influenced by
his guru Ramakrishna from whom he learnt that all living beings were an
embodiment of the
divine self and hence, service to God could be rendered by
service to mankind. After the death of his guru,
Vivekananda toured the Indian subcontinent extensively and
acquired a first-hand knowledge of the conditions that prevailed in British
India. He later travelled to the United States to represent India as a delegate
in the 1893 Parliament of World Religions. He conducted hundreds of public and
private lectures and classes, disseminating tenets of Hindu philosophy in the
United States, England and Europe. In India, Vivekananda is regarded as a
patriotic saint and his birthday is celebrated as the
National Youth Day.
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