UNIT7 Present perfect 1 (I have done)

A.Study this example situation:

Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it.
He has Lost his key.
He has Lost his key= He lost it recently, and he still
doesn't have it.
Have/has Lost is the present perfect simple:


The present perfect simple is have/has+ past participle. The past participle often ends in -ed
(finished/decided etc.), but many important verbs are irregular (Lost/done/written etc.).
For a list of irregular verbs, see Appendix 1.

B. When we say that 'something has happened', this is usually new information:
¡ Owl I've cut my finger.
¡ The road is closed. There's been (there has been) an accident.
¡ (from the news) Police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery.

When we use the present perfect, there is a connection with now. The action in the past has a result now:
¡ 'Where's your key?' 'I don't know. I've Lost it.' (=I don't have it now)
¡ He told me his name, but I've forgotten it. (= I can't remember it now)
¡ 'Is Sally here?' 'No, she's gone out.' (=she is out now)
¡ I can't find my bag. Have you seen it? (= Do you know where it is now?)

C. Note the difference between gone (to) and been (to):
¡ James is on holiday. He has gone to Italy. (= he is there now or on his way there)
¡ Jane is back home now. She has been to Italy. (=she has now come back)

D. You can use the present perfect with just, already and yet.
Just = a short time ago:
¡ 'Are you hungry?' 'No, I've just had lunch.'
¡ Hello. Have you just arrived?

We use already to say that something happened sooner than expected:
¡ 'Don't forget to pay your electricity bill.' 'I 've already paid it.'
¡ 'What time is Mark leaving?' 'He's already Left.'

Yet = until now. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen. Use yet only in
questions and negative sentences:
¡ Has it stopped raining yet?
¡ I've written the email, but I haven't sent it yet.

E.You can also use the past simple (did, went, had etc.) in the examples on this page. So you can say:
¡ ' Is Sally here?' 'No, she went out.' or 'No, she's gone out.'
¡ 'Are you hungry?' 'No, I just had lunch.' or 'No, I've just had lunch.'

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